How To Tell The Key Of A Song With Flat Key Signatures

To tell what key a song is in when it has flats in the key signature, locate the 2nd to the last flat, and that IS the key. For example, if there are four flats in the key signature, they are BEAD. The second to the last flat is Ab, so that is the key - based on the scale of Ab which has four flats - BEAD.

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How To Tell The Key Of A Song With Sharps In The Key Signature

Sharps always occur in the same order in a key signature: F, C, G, D, A, E, B. You can find the key of a song when it has sharps by locating the last sharp to the right and going up 1/2 step. Watch this short video and you will understand immediately:

For more info please go to http://www.playpiano.com/101-tips/23-sharps-key-signature.htm

It is very easy to locate the key of a song when there are sharps in the key signature (major keys — we’ll discuss relative minor keys later) simply by locating the last sharp to the right in the key signature in a piece of music and going up one-half step. Watch this short video and your instantly understand:

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When there are flats in the key signature, how do you locate the key of the song? It’s easy. Just count down 4 scale degrees and that is the key. Another way to say it is: the next to the last flat in the key signture IS the key. Watch this short video and you’ll understand:

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Every musician needs to know as much as possible about the key a song is being played in, and key signatures tell the key of a song, plus a lot more. Once you know the key of a song, you also know which chords are most likely to occur in that song.

Each piece of music contains a key signature. This is written immediately after the clef (on the staff) and is represented by a number of sharps (#) and flats (b). If you look carefully at the beginning of each line of music, you will see a group of sharps or flats (they are never used at the same time). These are placed individually on either a line or a space of the music staff and are placed on the notes they affect. In other words, if a sharp (#) is placed on the top line of the music staff, the note F is played as an F#. And all occurrences of the note F, whether on the top of the staff, the first space of the staff, or above or below the staff (marked by ledger lines), are played as an F#.

If a note that is dictated as sharp or flat by the key signature is to be played as natural, an accidental is placed before the note. For example, if an F (natural) is to be played in the key of G, an accidental has to be placed before it so it is not played as an F#. 

The main purpose of the key signature is to limit the number of flats or sharps noted in the music. In other words, rather than placing a # by the note F every time it occurs in the music, it’s much easier to indicate to the musician that all Fs are to be played as F#s. Without key signatures, written music would be cluttered with sharps and flats making it very difficult to read.

Here are some common key signatures and the notes they affect:

Key of C: No sharps or flats
Key of G: One sharp (F#)
Key of D: Two sharps (F# and C#)
Key of A: Three sharps (F#, C# and G#)
Key of E: Four sharps (F#, C#, G# and D#)
Key of F: One flat (Bb)
Key of Bb: Two flats (Bb and Eb)
Key of Eb: Three flats (Bb, Eb, and Ab)

The order in which the sharps occur are always constant: F, C, G, D, A, E, B

The order of the flats is always constant too: B, E, A, D, G, C, F

Notice that the order of the sharps is just backward from the order of the flats.

Each key also has it’s own relative minor. Though a major and its relative minor are similar in almost every way (their scales are the same though started in different places), they are thought of separately. A relative minor is named by the note that is a minor third down from the major (key). Another way to think of it is the relative minor is named by the sixth note in the major scale. For example, the note A is the six note of a C major scale, so an A minor is the relative minor to C. The use of a particular key’s relative minor is very common in music and knowing them goes a long way in understanding a song’s chord progression.

Here are some keys and their relative minors (keys).

The relative minor for C is A minor
The relative minor for D is B minor
The relative minor for A is F# minor
The relative minor for Bb is G minor

An experienced musician playing in a non-formal setting (not using written music) simply needs to know the key to a particular song to be able to play the chords and scales (melodies) for that song.

Finally, it’s not terribly unusual for a song to be written in more than one key. Such key changes can be a challenge for relatively new musicians, but once you grasp the fact that the key orientation has changed, it all makes sense.

What do those sharps or flats mean at the start of a song? They are known as “key signatures” and they announce what key a song is in. If there are no sharps or flats, a song is either in the key of C major or A minor. Every major key has a relative minor key. Watch this short video on key signatures.