The invention of the synthesizer revolutionized the world of sound recreation. A performer who wanted to recreate a particular sound on stage used to rely on old-fashioned recordings. Today, thousands of sounds, notes and frequencies can be generated in real time on stage at the touch of a button.

A synthesizer is an electronic instrument that can produce various sounds. Its name comes from what it does: it “synthesizes” sound. It works by generating and combining different frequencies. It can produce thousands of different sounds and sound combinations.

Performers who want to add the sound of a car horn to a performance need not use an audio tape of a car horn. Instead, the sound can be generated with the push of a button. The synthesizer can even produce multiple sounds simultaneously, like a horn honk and a bird call, for example.

The earliest known synthesizer was invented by Elisha Gray in the late 1800’s. Gray is more well-known for some of his other inventions, most notably the telegraph and a telephone prototype. Gray was a pioneer in electronics and ahead of his time in many respects. His early device, though somewhat rudimentary by modern standards, paved the way for today’s models.

The next inventor to improve upon the synthesizer was Robert Moog. Moog was a brilliant scientist who received a Ph.D. in engineering physics. He spent his career working with and developing electronic music systems, instruments and devices. Moog is considered by many to be the father of the modern synthesizer.

Moog’s device was the first ever to use a piano keyboard as a controller. Previous prototypes used buttons, dials and levers. This is why they have become largely associated with pianos and electronic keyboards today. However, they can actually be controlled through other means. Guitar synthesizers are an example of this.

Early synthesizers were large and unwieldy, not very suitable for transporting. Moog’s design, plus evolving technology, led the way for smaller and more portable units. These smaller devices are much more practical for performing, especially when traveling is involved.

Today’s synthesizers are highly sophisticated devices. They employ computer technology and are comprised of computer chips and motherboards. The units are compact and relatively self-contained (like today’s computers) and can be transported easily.

The keyboard synthesizer is still popular with musicians, particularly those who perform regularly on stage. Today musicians can also use software synthesizers, also referred to as softsynth. This type uses computer software for digital audio generation. Softsynth is often used for studio recording. Another less common device is the saxophone-style synthesizer.

Modern electronic keyboards usually have synthesizer components, if only in limited form. Mass-marketed electronic keyboard synthesizers are usually rudimentary compared to professional models, which have greater synthesizing capabilities. However, even these rudimentary keyboards demonstrate just how far technology has evolved over the decades. Many features available on the cheapest keyboard synthesizers are more advanced than the best of yesteryear’s technology.

Technology continues to evolve at a rapid pace. Designs are likely to get better and more efficient. Synthesizer sounds will improve in quality. The range of possibilities for sound production and reproduction make the science and engineering a worthwhile investment.

Even non-musicians are familiar with keyboard instruments. Few people reach adulthood without having had at least one opportunity to bang on a keyboard of some type. However, many people (including musicians) aren’t aware of the history behind keyboard instruments. Their evolution is both fascinating and surprising.

Many people mistakenly believe that the harpsichord was the earliest keyboard instrument. Harpsichords were undoubtedly a precursor to the piano. However, the pipe organ actually predates the harpsichord by some 1100 years. In fact, the pipe organ was the only keyboard instrument until the invention of the clavichord and the harpsichord.

The earliest pipe organs were massive structures. Upon their emergence, few companies actually made pipe organs. Even fewer people were trained to install and repair them. Their size and complexity made them difficult to work with, although the sound they produced was magnificent. Pipe organs often contained multiple keyboards to operate the many pipes and produce the rich sounds that the instrument is associated with. Naturally, this was not the type of instrument that the average person played at home. Most pipe organs were located in churches and concert halls.

Eventually, more compact versions were invented. Pipe organs evolved into regular organs, which most people of today are familiar with. They were more easily afforded by smaller parishes and even private owners. They were also much more compact and easier to repair.

The clavichord entered the scene in the early 15th century. It first emerged as a “practice instrument.” Since not all musicians could afford or had easy access to an organ, the clavichord became a convenient alternative. It provided organists a means for practicing at home without having to go to a church or other location to find an organ. Clavichords were smaller than today’s piano and may be compared to today’s smaller keyboard synthesizers, minus the need for electricity.

It was likely very shortly after that the harpsichord was invented. The harpsichord more closely resembled today’s piano. This may be part of the reason that people believe the harpsichord was the first keyboard instrument. Modern pianos are based on a very similar design to its predecessors. Harpsichords, however, were much smaller (though larger than the clavichord). The harpsichord had many variations that operated on the same basic musical principles. Some of these include the virginal, the spinet and the clavicytherium.

Like music trends always do, the harpsichord fell out of fashion upon the advent of the piano. The piano, though usually a bit larger, produced a cleaner sound. Harpsichords became all but obsolete within just a few decades. Ironically, harpsichords have come back into fashion in recent years because of their unique and distinctive sound. They are often heard as part of the backup for many contemporary songs, though relatively few people actually own a genuine harpsichord.

The piano is by far the most common keyboard instrument today. They are found in nearly every school and church in North America, as well as in millions of private homes. Most every music student has at least some piano training. They are one of the easiest instruments to learn to play and provide a good musical basis for learning other instruments.

Of course, with an electronics-loving society came the natural evolution of the piano to a plug-in version. These are commonly referred to as synthesizers. Aside from the obvious difference from the piano in the requirement of electricity, synthesizers are capable of mimicking many different instruments. Even the most rudimentary of synthesizers usually have several different instrument modes. The more complex the machine, the more sounds it is able to reproduce. More expensive models are extremely complex and technical. Their technology is of such quality that it can be difficult to distinguish their sound from the actual instrument they are mimicking.

New advances in technology, especially in computers, are being made every year. How this will affect the further evolution of keyboard instruments remains to be seen. It appears, though, that the good old fashioned piano is here to stay for awhile.